Alright, here's a bit of explanation on some of the things that had question marks.
Just as a disclaimer, I know the language of music theory, but not the Japanese language, so I'm assuming the translators translated correctly. I don't completely know theory as I'm still an undergrad, but I have had one full year's worth of college level theory, and I can tell what the artist is talking about when given a translation.
Modal mixture (3rd from the left under melody) and using major and minor chords (Rightmost under chords): This means chords from both Major (I, ii, iii, IV, V, vi, vii°) and Minor^ (i, ii, III, iv, V, VI, vii°) modes are used, meaning it accounts for chords built on 10 of the possible 12 pitch classes. ^ This is assuming harmonic minor, which is used more often for voice leading reasons than natural minor.
Borrowing from Hemitonic scale (4th from left under melody): From what I can tell after looking up the definition of hemitonic, this basically means that the scale will have half steps in it, and usually applies to scales that aren't the basic Major or minor scales, like pentatonic. An example of this would be a Hemitonic Pentatonic scale which would have half steps and still be based off of five notes.
Bass keeps going up and down more than 3 times between a second interval (one over from the right under bass): My best guess is that this means the bass is moving up and down with the interval of a second, which is two half steps. The easiest way to see the interval of a second is two white keys on a piano next to each other unless it's from E to F or B to C or vice versa. The rightmost column under bass has no rough translation, so I cannot help with that one.
Using doppeldominante (2nd from left under chords): Based on the double dominant comment and the V/V lettering in the chart, this means secondary dominant, which is better explained here. http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/hf/domaux.php I can't help with the 4th one from the left under chords, there's no rough translation.
Using sus4 chords: This likely means that the chords have a 4-3 suspension, which means that a note that is a fourth above the bass is held over a change of harmony and then becomes a note that is a 3rd above the bass. If it's the bass that is changing, then it is relative to the key and is referring to scale degrees instead of intervals.
All the columns in modulations mention a minor third interval, meaning that the piece changes to a key that is a minor third away. An example of this would be modulating from the key of C to the key of E. This can be from Minor or Major to Minor or Major, it just needs to be the interval of a minor third to apply. Temporary modulation means it goes back to the original key eventually.
TheKid965 said: The pattern with Yukari seems to be characters who don't have an official in-game appearance (or, in the case of Hisotensoku, an official design).
But Suika doesn't fit with this theory, so I want a quick secondary opinion.
I am amazed at the speed of danbooru. I discovered this page with no translations and little tags. 9 minutes and almost fully translated and lots of tags.
