The Yamato's carrying improved radar systems and a bunch of CIWS in this pic. Wouldn't surprise me if it were carrying missiles further back as well. Most of the main and secondary batteries look the same, though.
Not wanting to start a note edits war, but the author of the note of panel 1 saying that "doesn't understand what she means with «my stomach is a helicopter»" is one of the few lucky ones who has never felt his/her stomach turning around. The rest of mankind need no further explanation.
If it's just me, there's no point in keeping the note around. TN note removed.
This definitely not a Centurion. Looks like late WWII American prototypes. Anyone with better knowledge feel free to tag it.
Description lists it as "T29 (T30)". Looks like the T30 Heavy Tank, which was basically the T29 Heavy using a 155 mm cannon rather than the 105mm of the T29. Lack of the "wings" on the turret also implies that it's not the 29.